- A representative set of frog and toad
species are killed by dilute Camphor
extracts in local water (published).
- The carcinogen safrole is found in leaf at
up to 4.5% (NSW Ag) in randomly
selected chemotype; low %(<0.5%)
in others.
- Carcinogenic safrole found in bark of
certain Lismore camphor laurel at up to
43%, tending higher to 74% of oil in bark
of specific Camphor chemotype
'Yellow G leaf.
- Dead birds (pigeon spp and Lewins
Honeyeaters) found under known
Camphor laurel chemotype trees with
'H safrole characteristics', and which most
other birds generally ignore!
- Us EPA lists safrole as being able to ca
use acute toxicity and death of birds
species (2000/www).
- Flying fox commences eating Camphor
laurel chemotypes.
- Native Rainbowfish killed by camphor
toxins (Bishop 1993 pub.) and SCU
continues to ignore repeat testing.
- CSIRO proves in Bird Survey of NSW
North Coast that even Silvereyes (small
bird sp) ate Camphor laurels (1960-80)
- NE NSW amateur ornithologists & Green environmentalists assert
that camphors must stay since some remnant native birds, eg Whiteheaded
Pigeon, still eat them! But no-one checks on bird fertility.
- Environment movement and Greens fail to invoke Precautionary Principle,
or take Camphor laurel seriously.
- Poultry and geese become infertile after
consuming bulk/significant volumes of
Camphor seed off mature trees
(1948-2000).
The above fact AND request for research
to be done into this commercial problem
ignored 100%by NSW Agriculture, to this
day!
- Horses, singly and in groups, have died
as a result of varied symptoms in
Autumn time in NSW and Queensland,
consuming camphor bark (cambium) off
certain trees (1945-2000).
- One of the Alkaloids in the bark of
Camphor laurels (all?) was proved to be
capable of killing mice in tests by the
CSIRO (1948-1995).
- Camphor molecule and/or its metabolites have killed human infants
and poisoned adults (University of Adelaide). Roots and rootlets of
most, if not all,
- Camphor laurels excrete seasonally high
volumes of CL toxins and these 'oil
Exudation Glands' Kew Botanical
Gardens) may exude all the 3 or 4
groups of Camphor toxins into the soil,
but certainly some.
- After consuming prunings of lopped
Camphor laurel trees (NSW Dept. of
Education) Kempsey, for 15 months, it
was realised a herd of goats had become
sterile, and they ALL died (2001-2002).
- Camphor toxin molecule is contra-
indicated for pregnant females; may
cause abortion/infertility/humans.
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- Frogs in NE NSW region seriously affected by Camphors in proximity
to within 20ms of breeding areas.
- Safrole could well be/can be safely
assumed as being eaten by many
remnant koalas, but not previously in
history - as Eucalyptus spp. has
no safrole.
- Possums found to be occasionally eating
bark, and becoming rare/rarely sighted in
Lismore and surrounding villages.
- Bird bio-diversity decreasing over last few years around Lismore
with crows and other feral species taking the place of a once beautiful
set of diverse native pigeons including now defunct population of White
headed pigeons - only 5 years ago common around Lismore, now not found.
- Correlation to/with declining population
of Lismore flying foxes.
- Biggest fish deaths (February 2001) and
koala kill-off in Richmond River history
linked to Camphor.
- Terania Creek fish diversity extremely
low; bio-diversity of stream declining in
5 years of observations.
- 'Feral, fluoro-political' Greens in Lismore
arrogant and bloody minded; patently
disinterested in the existence of
carcinogens in Camphor laurel.
- The demise of Silvereye and Blue-faced Honeyeater - both once common
in Camphor (1950-1980) implicates Camphor laurels' toxins and those
species' consumption.
- Toxic compound that sterilises bird
species is in the seed and/or flesh of
fruits of some or all Camphor laurel
chemotypes.
- NSW Agriculture acts unethically and
irresponsibly in connection with most
if not all facets of Camphor laurel
research/lack of research.
- The 'killer toxins' that can poison and
terminate the life of predisposed horses
(on certain soils?) are rich in the bark of
certain Camphor chemotypes.
- Both Alkaloids in Camphor laurels of
most types reach highest concentrations
in Autumn/end of summer, and have
high/moderate acute (mammalian)
toxicity.
- Camphor toxins (ketones) and/or their
sterol derivatives are toxic in the
estuarine and fresh water environments.
- Due to naturally existing saponins (for
example soap chemicals natural in old
R/F soils, as on North Coast of NSW &
SE Qld, normally quite insoluble toxins
are becoming slowly dissolved, hence
to pollute waterways.
- Infertility and acute toxicity (causing
death). Camphor laurel toxins (safrole/
alkaloids and camphor) may well both
be in significant percentage volumes in
a range of Camphor chemotypes (bark
and leaf).
- Faunal sterility/infertility appears to
be seasonally cumulative and reversible,
and is most likely due to eating
excessive camphor itself.
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